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101.
Michael Harvey Ph.D. Roger Kerin Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1977,5(4):327-338
This article has attempted to outline the antecedent conditions which produced a gasoline shortage in the United States and
describe the demarketing strategies employed by Shell and Exxon. The effectiveness of their respective strategies and the
oil industry, in general, in stimulating de-consumption was also examined. 相似文献
102.
Roger Kerin Ph.D. Michael Harvey M.B.A. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1974,2(4):582-592
The number and rate of development of new consumer legislation necessitates the evaluation of existing legislation. This paper
summarizes and categorizes, in detail, the impact of select pieces of consumer legislation on consumer decision making. It
is an implied objective of the paper to provide a perspective for future public policy formulation. The pieces of legislation
evaluated in the paper are: (1) unit pricing; (2) product labeling; and (3) disclosure of interest rate provisions for consumer
credit. The impact of these pieces of legislation have been minimal, indicating the need for an educational program for consumers. 相似文献
103.
Pioneer brand advantage and consumer behavior: A conceptual framework and propositional inventory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
What are the behavioral origins of pioneer brand advantage? This article provides an integrative conceptual framework and propositional inventory to help more fully understand this multifaceted phenomenon. It is proposed that there are three sources of entry-order information that work through various psychological processes and affect multiple decision process variables. The conceptual framework translates into eight testable propositions. New exploratory evidence is presented. Managerial implications are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Management Review Quarterly - Additive manufacturing (AM) is regarded as a technology that has transformative and disruptive potential in nearly all industries. However, AM is not only about new... 相似文献
105.
Socioeconomic predictors of forest use values in the Peruvian Amazon: A potential tool for biodiversity conservation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Conservation is a crisis discipline requiring rapid action with limited funds. This study examines the potential of socioeconomic variables to predict forest use values. If natural resource use can be predicted from socioeconomic data, conservation planners could rapidly identify and focus conservation programs on the sectors of local populations that most intensively utilize local flora and fauna. Families in three communities in the northern Peruvian Amazon were surveyed over a 6-month period. Data were collected on use of flora and fauna from six locally determined use categories (food, medicine and poisons, wood, weavings, adornments, and “other”) in forest types of three age classes (fallow fields—very young forests, young secondary forests, and old secondary forests). Forest use values were the dependant variables calculated in $/ha/year. Socioeconomic variables included: age, education, family size, residence time, land worked, land owned, number of fishing nets, chickens, pigs, cows, and/or mules owned (all proxies for productive assets), and level of ecological knowledge (ability of informants to correctly identify forest species and answer basic questions about their biology). Ordinary least square multiple regressions were run independently for each forest type. Regressions were also run separately for the two most valuable use categories, food and wood. Low R2 adjusted values (all < 0.3) reflect the difficulty in predicting human behavior due to confounding variables and complex interactions. Residence time and a household's community of residence were the most significant predictors of forest use values. Households in Vista Alegre, the community with the highest density of people and smallest landholdings per household, extracted the highest value of forest products per hectare. The longer a family stayed in any community the higher the value of forest goods they extracted. If families that lived in an area longest are the most intensive extractors of forest products, they should be a major focus for conservation programming. In addition, the higher value of products extracted from forests by some families may make them more open to strategies seeking to protect long-term viability of the resources they utilize. The importance of residence time also indicates that planners need to account for changes in the resource use patterns of stakeholders over time. 相似文献
106.
Physiological utility theory and the neuroeconomics of choice 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
107.
108.
Odd Godal Yuri Ermoliev Ger Klaassen Michael Obersteiner 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(2):151-169
The Kyoto Protocol foresees emission trading but does not yet specify verification of (uncertain) emissions. This paper analyses a setting in which parties can meet their emission targets by reducing emissions, by investing in monitoring (reducing uncertainty of emissions) or by (bilaterally) trading permits. We derive the optimality conditions and carry out various numerical simulations. Our applications suggest that including uncertainty could increase compliance costs for the USA, Japan and the European Union. Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union might be able to gain from trading due to higher permit prices. Emissions trading could also lower aggregate uncertainty on emissions. 相似文献
109.
The proper panel econometric specification of the gravity equation: A three-way model with bilateral interaction effects 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We argue that the proper specification of a panel gravity model should include main (exporter, importer, and time) as well
as time invariant exporter-by-importer (bilateral) interaction effects. In a panel of 11 APEC countries, the latter are highly
significant and account for the largest part of variation.
First version received: February 2001/Final version received: June 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" We are grateful to two anonymous referees and Robert Kunst for their helpful comments. 相似文献
110.